Std09 - Sk Entire - Poetry 6 - काव्यशास्त्रविनोदः । Amusement with Poetry and Scriptures
V1. पृथु….. सदनम् |
Translation: O Lord, the homes of both of us are alike now, yours with huge golden vessels, adorned by many elephants and all the servants wearing ornaments, whereas, mine filled with thick dust, worthy of loud cries (of poverty) and all the people staying (sleeping) on the floor.
Explanation: This poet is trying to seek a monetary reward from the king by describing his poverty. But he also needs to please the king. So, he uses words that alternatively describe both, the king’s palace and his own home, as follows:
The above table for verse-1 explains, how breaking the same compound word into different components will lend different meanings to the same word.
V2. केशव पतितं …… केशव |
Translation: Having seen केशव (Lord कृष्ण) fallen down, the पाण्डवs are extremely delighted, but the कौरवs lament “O केशव, O केशव”.
Explanation: As per महाभारत, केशव (Lord कृष्ण) was the cousin of पाण्डवs and assisted them in their war against the कौरवs. Thus, this verse makes an apparently ironic statement.
But some words also have others meanings as: क = water , शव = corpse , पाण्डव = white crane , कौरव = crow (those who shout as कौ कौ).
Now the verse is sensibly translates as: Having seen a corpse fallen in the water, the cranes were extremely delighted, but the crows (who can’t swim) lament “Oh! The corpse has fallen in water!”
V3. सीमन्तिनीषु ….. बुध्यते |
Translation: Who was the most calm among all ladies? Who was the king with excellent virtues? Who is always venerable for the scholars? It is already told here, but is not understood!
Explanation: When we combine the first and the last letter of each of the चरण of the verse, we get the answer to the question asked in that चरण. Thus, the answers are सीता (Goddess Seeta), रामः (Lord Rama) and विद्या (Knowledge).
V4. सा रसना …. स्मरति |
Translation: Only that is a Tongue which speaks (about) Lord Shiva, only those are eyes which see him, only those are hands which worship him and blessed is indeed he, who thinks about (meditates upon) Lord Shiva.
Explanation: This verse is an example of the यथासंख्य figure of speech. Here, multiple subjects are clubbed together in a group and their verbs and predicates are clubbed together into other groups. They have to be connected and understood with respective positioning.
V5. भिक्षुः क्वास्ति …. वः |
Translation: “Where is the supplicant? He is at the sacrifice of बलि. Where is the Master of Animals? Is he not in गोकुल? O dear, where is the one adorned by the serpent? Why dear, he always sleeps on it. O noble lady, give up your disappointment now! O लक्ष्मी, unlike you, I am not fickle by nature.” This conversation between the daughter of the mountain (पार्वती) and the daughter of the ocean (लक्ष्मी) may protect (bless) you!
Explanation: लक्ष्मी visits पार्वती. She asks पार्वती about her husband Lord Shiva, by sarcastically using some bad epithets for him. But पार्वती cleverly takes them to be Lord Vishnu’s epithets and answers her accordingly. Their sarcastic conversation amuses the readers.
The above table for verse-5 explains, how each word is applicable to Lord Shiva & Vishnu.
V6. अम्बा कुप्यति …. वारिधिः |
Translation: (कार्तिकेय says) “Mother is angry, O Father; you may abandon this river गङ्गा held on your head.” (Lord शिव says) “O षण्मुख (six-headed one), she always relies on me, tell me what would be her resort.” With a long face swollen due to anger, कर्तिकेय gave a reply “the sea, the sea, the sea, the sea, the sea, the sea!”
Explanation: कार्तिकेय (षण्मुख) the son of Lord शिव has six heads. Lord शिव holds river गङ्गा on his head. His wife पार्वती does not like that. So षण्मुख asks his father to abandon the river. शिव tries to justify by asking where she would go after leaving him. The obvious answer is “the sea”. But षण्मुख is so angry, that all his six heads simultaneously utter a distinct word which stands for ‘the sea’.
V7. अन्नवस्त्र …. सत्वरम् |
Translation: Go quickly to the banks of the river, (?) is giving food, clothes, gold and various riches to Brahmins.
Explanation: This kind of puzzling verse is called कर्तृगुप्त-प्रहेलिका. Here the subject of the sentence cannot be easily identified. In the above puzzle, we need to dissolve the sandhi ब्राह्मणेभ्यः as ब्राह्मण + इभ्यः , whereby the word ब्राह्मण goes in the vocative case and इभ्यः means a rich man. Now the translation goes like this: “O Brahmin, go quickly to the banks of the river, a rich man is giving food, clothes, gold and various riches (in charity).”
Exercises:
Answers in Sanskrit:
(1) केशवं पतितं दृष्ट्वा कौरवाः रुदन्ति ।
(2) सा यथार्थत्वेन रसना भवति या भर्गं वदति ।
(3) समुद्रः गङ्गायाः गतिः अस्ति इति उत्तरं षण्मुखेन दत्तम् ।
(4) ब्राह्मणेभ्यः अन्नं वस्त्रं सुवर्णं विविधानि रत्नानि च दीयन्ते ।
Synonyms:
(1) कार्तस्वरम् – स्वर्णम् , काञ्चनम् , कनकम् , हेम ।
(2) हर्षः – मोदः , आनन्दः , प्रसादः ।
(3) रसना – जिह्वा , रसज्ञा ।
(4) करः – हस्तः , बाहुः ।
(5) भिक्षुः – याचकः , अर्थी , प्रार्थी ।
(6) मखः – यागः , यज्ञः , क्रतुः ।
(7) पन्नगः – नागः , भुजगः , उरगः ।
(8) सत्वरम् – त्वरया , आशु ।
Antonyms:
(1) निःशेषम् x सशेषम् ।
(2) हर्षः x खेदः ।
(3) विषादः x प्रसादः ।
(4) चला x अचला , स्थिरा ।
(5) कुप्यति x तुष्यति , प्रसीदति ।
Compounds:
(1) समुद्रसुता – समुद्रस्य सुता । षष्ठी तत्पुरुष समास ।
(2) कोपाटोपः – कोपयुक्तः आटोपः । मध्यमपदलोपी कर्मधारय समास ।
Sandhi:
(1) कौरवाः + तत्र = कौरवास्तत्र ।
(2) न + अस्ति + असौ = नास्त्यसौ ।
(3) कः + अभूत् = कोsभूत् ।
(4) तत्र + एव + उक्तम् = तत्रैवोक्तम् ।
(5) बलेः + मखे = बलेर्मखे ।
(6) न + अहम् = नाहम् ।
(7) पयोधिः + उदधिः = पयोधिरुदधिः ।
Do as directed:
Ans. (1) केशवं पतितं दृष्ट्वा पाण्डवाः हर्षनिर्भराः ।
Ans. (2) ते नयने ये भर्गम् ईक्षेते ।
Ans. (3) तेन प्रत्युत्तरं दत्तम् ।
